At the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of the War of Independence, a series of intellectuals came to Mallorca, mainly writers, who spread a new idea of the island in the romantic Europe of the 19th century. The first reference we will make in the 19th century is for the French diplomat André Grasset de Saint Sauveur, who was the commissioner of trade relations on the islands between 1800 and 1805. His book Voyage dans els iles Baléares et pithiuses, published in Paris in 1807, seems written for the purpose of a hypothetical military strategy although it contains a
valuable geographical and historical information, with interesting comments and observations.
In 1837, the steamer “El Mallorquí” inaugurated the first regular line between Palma and Barcelona. This caused a significant number to come from
Travellers to get to know Mallorca, travellers who will later write articles and books about the island.
During 1839 four characters coincided in Mallorca that have left us testimonies of great interest. This is George Sand (which I come to the island)
accompanied by the Polish musician Frederich Chopin), Jean-Joseph Bonaventure Laurens, Carles Dembowski and Josep Antoni de Cabanyes.
Undoubtedly, the key figure, visitor and resident in Mallorca in the second half of the 19th century, is that of the Archduke Louis Salvador of Austria. His
contributing to the knowledge of the Balearic Islands as a whole far exceeded mere observation and dissemination, and represented an important work of scientific knowledge. We refer to his magnum work, Die Balearen in Wort und Bild Geschildert, a description of the islands made with the utmost precision and accuracy even in the smallest detail.
Already from the Balearic Islands, writer and journalist Miquel dels Sants Oliver published a series of articles where he exposed and proposed the first attempt to organize tourism on the islands, although especially that of Mallorca. These works (generally titled From my terrace) and appeared in the newspaper “L’Almudaina” during the summer of 1890, provided from the imagination and inventiveness a formulation of proposals aimed at the men of company of the time.
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The arrival of travelers made us think about the economic possibilities offered by tourism, as reflected in some articles and publications that showed this interest, being one of the most important ones written by Guillem Alzamora, in 1903, entitled The Industry of Foreigners, which was what was called “tourism at the beginning of “century”. This article had as a more immediate consequence the creation of the Tourism Foundation of Mallorca, which had a great importance in the development of tourism on the island.
The First World War was a brake on this expansion of tourism. Once the war ended, the number of travellers to Mallorca grew again, and in 1930 tourism was considered one of the most important activities in the economy of Mallorca.
New hospitality establishments were inaugurated throughout the island, mainly in Palma and in the Tramuntana mountain range, specifically in
Sóller, Deià, Banyalbufar, Estellencs, Andratx, Peguera and Pollença began to appear, and the first tourist-type urbanizations began to appear, which were the Garden City, in the Coll d’en Rabassa and Cala d’Or in Santanyí.
Tourists of that time could be classified into three different types. First, a residential tourism with long stays that were housed in private rented houses. Secondly, short stay tourism that stayed in hotel establishments and, finally, a traffic tourism, composed of cruise passengers who made a stopover at each port, and which was very important for its purchasing power.
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Many of the Foment’s publications stand out, often accompanied by paintings by Erwin Hubert. We wanted to reproduce one
fragment of the prologue written in 1932 by the president of the Foment del Turisme, the count of Peralada, in the work Mallorca seen by José Maria
Salaverría.
Mallorca – it is often said – wonderful country without any problem other than having to cross the sea to visit it. […]
[…] In the sea it is precisely the imponderable value of Mallorca. Having to cross it to reach it […]. And then on the Island, the landscapes
mountaineers, so superb in many other countries, acquire the value of something unique, being tied, intimately linked to the sea, with the same sea that brings many foreigners and reproaches numerous Spaniards. […]
Mallorca is indebted to Salaverría as it is also to many other national and foreign writers and artists who have so brilliantly weighed their beauties by spreading them around the world, debts that since they are not paid, because this is impossible, they must at least be recognized.
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